Canine Cushing’s Disease

What is Cushing’s Disease?

Cushing's disease (also known as Cushing’s syndrome) is a condition in which the adrenal glands overproduce certain hormones. This disease can be life-threatening if left untreated. In this blog post, we will discuss the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for Cushing's disease in dogs.

What Causes Cushing’s Disease?

Navy (adopted 3/13/23) was diagnosed with Cushing’s Disease.

Cushing's disease is caused by three types of conditions, each with a different cause. The most common cause is a tumor of the pituitary gland (which is located at the base of the brain). The second cause is a benign or malignant tumor of the adrenal gland itself. The third cause is excessive cortisol from prolonged use of steroids. Identifying the cause is important because each type is treated differently and has a different prognosis.

What are the Symptoms?

Regardless of the type, the clinical signs of Cushing’s disease are essentially the same. The most common clinical signs are increased appetite, increased water consumption, and increased urinating. Lethargy, a poor hair coat, and a bloated or pot-bellied appearance are also common in pets with hyperadrenocorticism.

How is it Diagnosed?

Several tests are used to diagnose and confirm Cushing’s disease. The two most common tests to detect Cushing’s disease are the ACTH stimulation test and the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test. An abdominal ultrasound examination can also be a valuable part of the diagnostic process for Cushing’s disease.

What is the Treatment?

Treatment for Cushing's disease depends on the type. Treatment of the pituitary-induced form of Cushing’s disease is the most complicated. Two drugs, trilostane (brand name Vetoryl®) and mitotane (brand name Lysodren®) are commonly used to treat Cushing's disease in dogs. If the tumor is benign, surgical removal will cure the disease. If the tumor is malignant, surgery may help for some time, but the prognosis is much less favorable.

Cushing's disease is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you suspect that your dog may have Cushing's disease, consult with your veterinarian for proper evaluation and management.

References:

Weir, M., & Ward, E. (2009). Cushing’s Disease in Dogs. Vca_corporate. https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cushings-disease-in-dogs

Brum, Doug. Canine Cushing’s Disease • MSPCA-Angell. (n.d.). MSPCA-Angell. https://www.mspca.org/angell_services/canine-cushings-disease/