Jealous Behavior (Owner Guarding)
Dogs often exhibit what we might describe as "jealousy" when they are with us. This behavior, which can occasionally become aggressive, is typically directed toward other individuals (humans or other animals) who approach you closely. Dogs simply prefer not to share your attention. However, there are various underlying motivations for this behavior, and it's essential to identify the specific cause to address it correctly. Other motivations include "protective" behavior (a form of resource guarding) or fear. Dogs who are fearful may display increased assertiveness when they are with you and may attempt to drive away the perceived threat, be it a person or another dog. If you believe your dog is primarily showing what we commonly call "jealousy," please follow the instructions below. If another motivation is at play, it should be managed differently.
Your response to jealous behavior is crucial. If you comfort your dog by saying things like "It's okay, Sugar – she's a nice lady," you may unintentionally reinforce the behavior. Your dog might interpret it as you liking when she acts that way. Conversely, if you scold or physically punish them for displaying aggression when someone or another dog approaches, you may intensify the negative association: "I dislike it when that dog comes close – and now I dislike them even more because their approach leads to trouble."
The appropriate response to jealous behavior is for you, the object of the jealousy, to leave the room as a consequence of the behavior. Dogs learn from the consequences of their actions (if the behavior is rewarded, it continues; if it is ignored, it diminishes), making this the most effective response. Essentially, you are conveying to the dog that when they become jealous and act aggressively in your presence, you will depart (which is clearly not what the dog desires). Simply say, "too bad" and exit the room.
If your dog displays aggression in these situations, consider tethering them when you anticipate people or other dogs coming close. Attach their leash and secure the handle end to something like a chair leg. This way, when you leave the room, they cannot follow you or approach the other person or dog. Repeat this process until your dog realizes that their aggressive behavior leads to your departure.
Additionally, you should reward your dog for not acting aggressively when a person or dog approaches. Keep treats on hand, and when they behave appropriately, say "good dog" (or use a clicker) and offer a treat. By doing this, you will gradually countercondition your dog to act and feel differently when people or dogs approach. Now, the presence of people or other dogs predicts positive outcomes, and your dog will respond positively to it.
